Seniors and Barriers. Older Adults and Technology. Image of the Current Reality

Abstract

This study analyzes the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the lives of older adults (OA), within the context of population aging and digital transformation. Based on an exploratory approach with 50 interviews conducted in rural areas of Madrid and Cáceres, the paper examines OA’s attitudes, behaviors, and motivations toward ICT, including the use of the internet, mobile devices, and assistive applications. Findings reveal that although initial barriers persist—mainly related to fear, insecurity, and lack of digital skills—older adults value ICT positively once they overcome basic learning processes. They identify the internet as a resource for communication, access to information, and entertainment, strongly linked to personal and social satisfaction. Motivations are structured along two main dimensions: utilitarian (communication, information, saving time and resources) and existential (social integration, personal growth, self-esteem), coexisting with non-utilitarian and non-existential motivations (excessive use, privacy concerns, or learning difficulties). The discussion highlights that ICT contribute to digital inclusion, independence, and psychological well-being, although the digital divide remains a risk factor for exclusion. Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, are also recognized for their potential to promote cognitive stimulation, resilience, and the prevention of social isolation. The study concludes that training, digital literacy, and support systems are essential to maximize the benefits of ICT in enhancing the quality of life of older adults.