Superconductivity and the Role of Zero Resistance in Modern Physics

Abstract

Superconductivity, first discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, represents one of the most significant breakthroughs in condensed matter physics. It is characterized by two fundamental properties: the complete disappearance of electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields (Meissner effect). The phenomenon of zero resistance allows superconductors to conduct current indefinitely without energy dissipation, holding transformative implications for modern physics and technology. This paper explores the theoretical foundation of superconductivity, its connection to zero resistance, and its implications for modern physics, ranging from quantum field theories to real-world applications such as magnetic levitation, quantum computing, and energy transmission.