Types of Melanin Pigments and their Applications

Abstract

Melanin is a multifunctional pigment in many different organism and its special properties caused rising interest for research. Of its microbial sources, one promising producer is Streptomyces. After being initially discovered in this genus its melanin biosynthesis was extensively studied, which eventually unfolded the great versatility of melanins. Importantly, melanin from Streptomyces shows other biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti cancerativas. Its antioxidant properties can help to scavenge free radicals and combat oxidative stress, thus qualifying it for use as medicinal ingredient. It also helps with antimicrobial effects and it becomes an excellent choice for natural preservation. With its role in the lives of medical science, it also found benefits to a diverse group with different industrial applications for Streptomyces melanin.. Its pigmentation properties have been exploited for dyes, cosmetics, and food colorings. Furthermore, its biocompatibility and stability have opened avenues for its use in materials science and environmental remediation. Current study focuses on optimizing melanin production, characterizing its structural variations, and elucidating the mechanisms underlying its biological activities. the potential applications of Streptomyces melanin are expected to grow, making it a valuable resource across multiple fields.