EKSPLORIUM-BULETIN PUSAT TEKNOLOGI BAHAN GALIAN NUKLIR
EKSPLORIUM – Buletin Pusat Teknologi Bahan Galian Nuklir is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Established to support the advancement and dissemination of research in the field of nuclear materials and related technologies, EKSPLORIUM serves as a key platform for scientists, engineers, academics, and practitioners engaged in the exploration, mining, processing, and application of nuclear mineral resources. Scope EKSPLORIUM focuses on the following research areas: Exploration and evaluation of nuclear mineral resources Geology and geochemistry of uranium and thorium Mining and mineral processing technologies Nuclear material characterization and analysis Environmental management and safety in nuclear resource development Nuclear energy policy and technology innovation in mineral resource sectors The journal welcomes original research articles, review papers, technical notes, and case studies relevant to both fundamental and applied aspects of nuclear material science and engineering. Publication Frequency The journal is published twice a year (biannually), in June and December. Peer Review and Ethics All submissions undergo a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure the quality, originality, and relevance of published content. The journal adheres to the highest standards of academic integrity and publication ethics, following guidelines from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Open Access Policy EKSPLORIUM is an open-access journal. All articles are freely available to readers and researchers worldwide without subscription or payment, in line with the journal's commitment to the global exchange of scientific knowledge. Indexing and Abstracting The journal is indexed in various national and international databases (list specific indexes if known), enhancing its visibility and accessibility. Contact For inquiries, submissions, or further information, please contact us editor@eksplorium.com
Knowledge and Practice of COPD Prevention and Early Detection Among Healthcare Workers in Tertiary Hospitals in India
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection and preventive strategies are crucial, particularly in India where smoking, biomass fuel exposure, and air pollution are major risk factors. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a pivotal role in prevention and early diagnosis. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of COPD prevention and early detection among healthcare workers in tertiary hospitals in India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 participants: 100 MBBS students, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 100 paramedical workers (including nurses and technicians) from four tertiary hospitals. A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge (risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic tools, prevention strategies) and practice (screening, patient education, smoking cessation counseling). Results: MBBS students demonstrated the highest knowledge scores (mean 72%), followed by nursing students (65%), BDS students (58%), and paramedical workers (52%). However, practice scores were lower across all groups, with only 40% routinely engaging in patient education or screening. Spirometry awareness was high (70%) but actual use was limited (25%). Conclusion: While knowledge of COPD among HCWs is moderate to good, translation into practice remains inadequate. Strengthening training programs, integrating COPD modules into curricula, and promoting hands-on screening practices are essential to improve early detection and prevention.
Investigating the Quality and Improvement of Community Health as a Result of Personal Health Education
Personal hygiene is one of the most fundamental pillars of health promotion and disease prevention in human societies and plays a key role in reducing the burden of diseases, improving the quality of life, and increasing life expectancy. Observing the principles of personal hygiene includes body hygiene, regular hand washing, oral and dental care, water and food hygiene, observing hygiene principles in the living and working environment, and paying attention to physical activity, healthy nutrition, and adequate sleep. Personal hygiene education in schools is one of the basic pillars of advanced educational systems that plays a vital role in promoting individual and social health. This study examines the importance of personal hygiene education for students and its impact on the health of the community. The research method of this study is a review type and by analyzing reliable domestic and foreign sources, various dimensions of this education have been examined.The findings show that integrated personal health education programs, in addition to reducing infectious diseases in educational settings, increase awareness and change students' attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle. Also, by creating sustainable health habits, these trainings reduce medical costs at the macro level and improve community health indicators. In addition, the role of teachers and parents in promoting health concepts and the impact of modern educational methods, such as educational games and digital technologies, on sustainable learning of health skills have been examined. The results show that schools, as influential institutions in educating the next generation, should benefit from comprehensive and efficient programs for personal health education.It is suggested that educational policymakers, by developing and implementing new strategies, pay more attention to teaching health skills in order to increase students' health and form a healthier and more dynamic society.
Awareness and Practices Regarding Stress Peptic Ulcer Prevention Among Hospital Staff and Medical Students
Background: Stress ulceration is a significant complication among critically ill patients. Prevention relies not only on clinical guidelines but also on the awareness and practices of healthcare providers. Objectives: To assess the level of awareness and current practices related to stress ulcer prevention among MBBS students, dental students, and paramedical staff in four tertiary hospitals in India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 250 participants (100 MBBS students, 50 dental students, and 100 paramedical staff including nurses and technicians). A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge of risk factors, prophylactic measures, guideline familiarity, and self-reported preventive practices. Results: Knowledge scores were highest among MBBS students (mean 78%), followed by paramedical staff (65%) and dental students (54%). Only 43% of participants could correctly identify all major risk factors for stress ulcers. Nurses demonstrated more consistent prophylactic practices (72%) compared to students (MBBS 59%, dental 42%). Significant gaps were observed in guideline awareness and implementation. Conclusion: Awareness and practices regarding stress ulcer prevention vary significantly among healthcare providers in tertiary care settings. Targeted education and standardized institutional protocols are needed to improve prevention strategies.
Perception of Smoking, Vaping, and Passive Smoking Hazards Among Medical, Dental & Nursing Students and Paramedical Staff in Four Tertiary Level Hospitals of India
Background: Tobacco smoking, electronic cigarette (vaping) use, and exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) remain significant public health concerns worldwide. Health professionals’ perception of these hazards influences their clinical practices and preventive counselling roles. Objectives: To assess and compare the perception of smoking, vaping, and passive smoking hazards among undergraduate medical (MBBS) students & interns, dental (BDS) students, nursing students, and paramedical staff in four tertiary level hospitals in India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 participants: 50 MBBS students & interns, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 50 paramedical staff (nurses and technicians). A validated self-administered questionnaire assessed knowledge of health risks, attitudes toward smoking and vaping, and awareness of passive smoking hazards. Results: A majority recognized that cigarette smoking causes serious diseases (95%). Awareness of vaping risks was lower, with 68% acknowledging potential harms. Perception of passive smoking as a serious hazard was high overall (90%) but significantly different between groups (p < 0.05). Nursing students and paramedical staff showed higher levels of uncertainty regarding vaping compared to MBBS and BDS students. Conclusion: While perception of traditional smoking and passive smoking hazards was high among all groups, understanding of vaping risks was comparatively lower. Targeted educational interventions are needed across all health professional groups, especially regarding emerging nicotine delivery systems.
Ferrous Assisted Carbonation Mud Dosing Improves Activated Sludge Settleability
Background: Secondary clarifier limitations and poor sludge settleability often constrain the performance of conventional activated sludge (CAS) under stringent effluent limits. Valorizing carbonation mud (CM), a CaCO₃‑rich by‑product from sugar manufacture, as an alkalinity source and ballast, particularly when paired with ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄), could improve settleability without pH excursions. Methods: A tiered program combined jar tests with a continuous bench‑scale ASP design. Jar tests quantified settling volume (mL L⁻¹) under fixed mixing (rapid 120 rpm, 60 s; slow 20 rpm, 5 min) across FeSO₄ (0–80 mg L⁻¹ for co‑dosing; 0–400 mg L⁻¹ Fe‑only) and CM (0–720 mg L⁻¹), with pH and temperature held near 7.5–7.6 and 14–15 °C. Hydrodynamic effects were resolved by varying slow‑mix speed (10–25 rpm) and contact time (2–20 min). Cross‑run synthesis reported percent reductions versus paired controls and identified operating windows. Results: Co‑dosing reduced settling volume by 10.3–16.5% (minimum 810 mL L⁻¹ at 80/720 mg L⁻¹ FeSO₄/CM). Lowering the slow-mix speed from 20 to 10 rpm yielded a 7.1% decrease, and extending the contact time from 2 to 20 minutes delivered a monotonic 20.2% decrease. A broad co‑variation window, FeSO₄ 50–80 mg L⁻¹ with CM 350–320 mg L⁻¹, consistently achieved 730–740 mL L⁻¹ (minimum 730 mL L⁻¹). FeSO₄‑only dosing produced the most significant single‑factor reduction (−25%) with a plateau near 350–400 mg L⁻¹. Across all conditions, pH remained neutral to slightly alkaline. Conclusions: Moderate FeSO₄ with CM ballast, applied under gentle, prolonged mixing, substantially improves settleability while maintaining neutral pH. The practical window (FeSO₄ 40–70 mg L⁻¹ with CM 320–360 mg L⁻¹, or FeSO₄ ≥350 mg L⁻¹ alone; slow mix 10 rpm for ≥15–20 min) is operationally attainable and motivates continuous‑pilot validation with COD–N–P and SVI endpoints alongside routine metals/leachate compliance.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) among Medical Students and Hospital Staff in Tertiary Care Hospitals of India
Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a major public health concern in India, driven by lifestyle changes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Awareness among healthcare providers is crucial for early detection and prevention. Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitude regarding NAFLD among medical students, dental students, and hospital staff in tertiary care hospitals of India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 participants: 100 MBBS students/interns, 50 BDS students, and 50 hospital staff (nurses and technicians) across four tertiary care hospitals. A structured, validated questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge and attitudes toward NAFLD. Results: MBBS students demonstrated higher knowledge scores compared to BDS students and hospital staff. However, gaps in understanding risk factors, diagnostic modalities, and long-term complications were evident across all groups. Attitudes toward lifestyle modification and preventive strategies were positive, though practical application remained limited. Conclusion: While awareness of NAFLD exists among healthcare trainees and staff, significant knowledge gaps persist. Targeted educational interventions are needed to strengthen early detection and prevention strategies.
Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Electrospun rGO/Ag/PANI Nanofibers for Sensitive Detection of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
In this work, we present the development of a novel label-free electrochemical biosensor based on electrospun nanofibers composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and polyaniline (PANI) for the sensitive detection of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. The rGO/Ag/PANI nanofibers were deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), providing a highly conductive and biocompatible interface with a large surface area for antibody immobilization and efficient electron transfer. The sensor demonstrated a wide linear detection range from 10 to 10⁶ cells/mL and achieved an impressively low detection limit of 2 cells/mL for SK-BR3 cells (a HER2-positive breast cancer cell line), without the need for chemical labeling or signal amplification. The platform also showed high selectivity toward HER2-positive cells compared to HER2-negative controls. Recovery experiments in artificially spiked blood samples indicated >90% recovery, highlighting the sensor's robustness in complex biological environments under controlled in vitro conditions. Overall, the rGO/Ag/PANI-based nanofiber biosensor offers an effective strategy for rapid, label-free detection of target cancer cells in laboratory settings, and holds potential for further adaptation toward non-invasive diagnostic platforms following future clinical validation.
A Smart IoT-Based System for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring Using Edge Computing and Machine Learning
The monitoring of water quality is essential in the provision of safe and sustainable water resources, especially in a scenario when the pollution of the environment and climate changes are developing. The conventional water monitoring systems where there is periodic sampling and centralized processing are not always effective to provide real-time and effective use of data in the decision-making process. The proposed research is the smart, Internet of Things (IoT)-based system, which continuously monitors the quality of water, where edge computing and machine learning are designed to enhance real-time analysis. The system includes IoT sensors that are installed on bodies of water to measure the parameters of pH, turbidity, temperature, and conductivity. The edge computing approach takes advantage of local data processing, which entails a considerable decrease in the latency and data transmission. Machine learning algorithm compares the processed data to predict the quality of water and identify the possible instances of contamination. The prototype of the system was deployed and tested in the urban and agricultural water bodies. It can be concluded that the system is successful at identifying the cases of contamination in real-time, and machine learning models demonstrate a high level of classification effectiveness. The edge computing integration has increased the efficiency and reliability of the system and hence it can be deployed to different environmental conditions. In this paper, the system design, data processing, machine learning integration, and experimental outcomes were analyzed in detail, and they prove the potential of the IoT, edge computing, and machine learning in managing the water quality.
Awareness and Attitude Regarding Osteoarthritis Prevention Among Medical Students and Hospital Staff: A Questionnaire-Based Study in Four Tertiary Care Hospitals of India
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain and disability worldwide. Preventive strategies such as weight management, physical activity, and early lifestyle modification can significantly reduce disease burden. Healthcare students and hospital staff play a vital role in early prevention and patient education. Objectives: To assess the level of awareness and attitude regarding osteoarthritis prevention among medical and dental students and hospital staff in tertiary care hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted across four tertiary care hospitals. The study included 200 participants: 100 MBBS students and interns, 50 BDS dental students, and 50 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). A structured 15-item Likert scale questionnaire assessed awareness and attitudes related to OA prevention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Overall awareness regarding osteoarthritis prevention was moderate. Medical students demonstrated higher awareness compared to dental students and hospital staff. Attitude toward preventive practices was positive across all groups, though gaps were identified in knowledge related to weight management, occupational risk factors, and early preventive interventions. Conclusion: While attitudes toward OA prevention were generally favorable, awareness levels varied among different healthcare groups. Structured educational interventions are recommended to strengthen preventive knowledge and practices.
Sleep Disturbances and Their Association with Anxiety and Depression among Medical, Dental & Nursing Students: A Multicentric Study in India
Background: Sleep disturbances are prevalent among health professional students due to academic load, clinical duties, and psychosocial stressors. Poor sleep quality has been linked to anxiety and depression, which may negatively impact academic performance and well-being. Objective: To assess the prevalence of sleep disturbances and examine their association with anxiety and depression among students of medical, dental, and nursing colleges in India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students from 2 medical, 2 dental, and 2 nursing colleges in India (N = 1200). Standardized questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Overall, 58.1% of students reported poor sleep quality. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was 42.3% and 36.7%, respectively. Poor sleepers had significantly higher odds of anxiety (OR = 3.21; 95% CI: 2.67–3.87) and depression (OR = 2.89; 95% CI: 2.40–3.48) compared to good sleepers. Differences across disciplines revealed higher sleep disturbances among medical students (62.5%) compared to dental (57.0%) and nursing students (54.8%). Conclusion: Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among health professional students and strongly associated with anxiety and depression. Early screening and interventions such as sleep hygiene education and mental health support are recommended.
Opinion Regarding Mental Depression Among Medical & Dental Students and Hospital Staff
Background: Depression among health-care trainees and workers is a growing concern globally. Medical and dental students face intense academic pressure, long working hours, and frequent evaluations. Hospital staff including nurses and technicians experience heavy workloads, emotional stress, and workplace demands, potentially leading to mental health challenges. Objective: To assess the prevalence, severity, and opinions regarding depression among 100 MBBS students & interns, 100 BDS dental students, and 100 hospital staff (nurses & technicians) at a tertiary hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study utilizing standardized questionnaires (PHQ-9), demographic data, and opinion scales was administered. Statistical analysis was performed to compare group differences. Results: High Prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed across all groups. Medical students had slightly higher severity compared to dental students and staff. Hospital staff reported significant emotional strain possibly tied to workload and patient care responsibilities. Conclusion: Depression symptoms are prevalent among MBBS students, BDS dental students, and hospital staff. Stressors differ by group but overall mental health needs are high.
Prevalence of Alcohol Use and Psychological Stress among Health Care Students and Hospital Technicians in India
Background: Alcohol use and psychological stress are emerging concerns in healthcare education and workplaces. Medical and dental students face academic pressures, while hospital technicians cope with high workload and clinical stressors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of alcohol use and levels of psychological stress among MBBS medical students & interns, BDS dental students, and hospital technicians in India. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 250 participants: 100 MBBS students/interns, 100 BDS dental students, and 50 hospital technicians. Standardized tools—the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)—were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Overall prevalence of alcohol use was 32%; psychological stress was high in 45% of participants. Medical students reported higher stress levels than dental students and technicians (p < 0.05). Alcohol use was more common among male participants and correlated positively with stress scores (r = 0.48, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Alcohol use and psychological stress are significant among healthcare trainees and staff. Targeted interventions and mental health programs are urgently needed.
Behavioral Addictions Related Attitude Among Health-Care Students and Hospital Staff in India
Background: Behavioral addictions such as problematic mobile use, internet addiction, and gaming disorder are increasingly recognized as concerns, especially among young adults and professionals. Health-care students and hospital staff may be at risk due to work pressure, academic demands, and easy access to digital devices. Objective: To assess the prevalence of behavioral addiction tendencies and related attitudes toward mobile, internet, and gaming use among MBBS students & interns, BDS dental students, nursing students, and hospital staff in four Indian hospitals. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study with 300 participants: 100 MBBS students/interns, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 100 hospital staff (nurses & technicians). Standardized questionnaires (Internet Addiction Test [IAT], Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale [MPPUS], and Gaming Disorder Test [GDT]) were administered alongside a self-structured attitude survey. Results: The study found significant rates of problematic use and varying attitudes across groups. A higher proportion of students demonstrated addictive tendencies compared to staff. Gaming addiction was more prevalent in younger participants. Conclusions: Behavioral addictions are present among health-care students and staff, warranting screening, awareness programs, and preventive strategies within medical educational and hospital settings.
Knowledge and Misconceptions about Schizophrenia among Health Care Students and Hospital Staff
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder often surrounded by stigma and misconceptions, even among healthcare professionals. Limited knowledge and negative attitudes among healthcare trainees and staff may influence patient care and delay treatment. Objectives: To assess knowledge regarding schizophrenia among healthcare students and hospital staff. To identify common misconceptions related to schizophrenia. To compare knowledge levels among medical, dental, nursing students and paramedical staff. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in two medical colleges with associated hospitals, two nursing colleges, one dental college, and one private hospital. Participants included 300 respondents: 100 MBBS students/interns, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 100 paramedical staff (nurses and technicians). A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge and misconceptions regarding schizophrenia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: Overall, 52.3% participants had moderate knowledge, 27.0% good knowledge, and 20.7% poor knowledge. Misconceptions such as schizophrenia being “split personality” or “caused by supernatural forces” were present in a significant proportion of participants. Medical students demonstrated the highest knowledge scores compared with paramedical staff. Conclusion: Although healthcare trainees showed moderate awareness of schizophrenia, misconceptions and stigmatizing beliefs persist. Targeted mental health education and anti-stigma training programs are needed for healthcare professionals.
Prevalence of Junk Food Consumption among Healthcare Students and Hospital Staff: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study in India
Background: Rapid urbanization, busy schedules, and easy availability of fast food have significantly increased junk food consumption among young adults and healthcare professionals. Despite awareness of healthy dietary practices, healthcare students and staff may still frequently consume unhealthy food. Aim: To assess the prevalence and pattern of junk food consumption among healthcare students and hospital staff in selected institutions in India. Methods: A multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted in two medical colleges with teaching hospitals, two nursing colleges, one dental college, and one private hospital in India. A total of 300 participants were included: 100 MBBS students and interns, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 100 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire assessing frequency, reasons, and awareness regarding junk food consumption. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: Overall prevalence of junk food consumption was 78%. Medical students showed the highest frequency of consumption (85%), followed by BDS students (80%), nursing students (76%), and hospital staff (68%). Taste (72%), convenience (65%), and academic/work stress (44%) were major reasons for consumption. Frequent consumption (>3 times/week) was reported by 46% of participants. Conclusion: Junk food consumption is highly prevalent among healthcare students and hospital staff despite awareness of health risks. Nutritional education programs and healthy food availability in institutional cafeterias are recommended.
Patient-Reported Barriers to Physical Activity Post-Surgery: A Multicentric Questionnaire-Based Study in India
Background: Physical activity after surgery is crucial for recovery, prevention of complications, and improvement in overall health outcomes. However, many patients fail to resume adequate physical activity due to multiple physical, psychological, and environmental barriers. Understanding these patient-reported barriers can help healthcare providers design effective rehabilitation strategies. Objective: To assess patient-reported barriers to physical activity following surgery in patients treated at tertiary care institutions in India. Methods: A multicentric questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted across two medical colleges, two dental colleges, and one private hospital in India. Data collection was performed by 50 MBBS medical students & interns, 50 BDS dental students, 50 nursing students, and 50 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). Adult postoperative patients attending follow-up clinics were invited to complete a 15-item Likert-scale questionnaire assessing physical, psychological, social, and healthcare-related barriers to physical activity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Results: A total of 500 postoperative patients participated. The most frequently reported barriers were postoperative pain (68%), fear of injury or complications (55%), fatigue (52%), and lack of guidance from healthcare professionals (46%). Psychological barriers such as anxiety and lack of motivation were also common. Statistical analysis showed significant associations between pain severity and reduced physical activity levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Postoperative pain, fear of complications, fatigue, and inadequate counseling were major barriers to physical activity after surgery. Addressing these barriers through patient education, structured rehabilitation programs, and multidisciplinary support may improve postoperative recovery and quality of life.
Knowledge and Misconceptions about Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among Female College Students and Hospital Staff: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study from India
Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age, associated with menstrual irregularities, infertility, metabolic complications, and psychological distress. Global prevalence among reproductive-age women is estimated at 4–12%, but awareness remains limited, especially among young women. Objective: To assess the knowledge, awareness, and misconceptions regarding PCOS among female college students and female hospital staff. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 female participants from two medical colleges, two dental colleges, and two teaching hospitals in India. Participants included 50 MBBS medical girl students and interns, 50 BDS dental students, 50 nursing students, and 50 female nurses and technicians. A structured 20-item questionnaire assessing awareness, risk factors, symptoms, complications, and misconceptions about PCOS was administered. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results: Overall, 63% of participants had heard about PCOS, but only 38% demonstrated adequate knowledge. Medical students showed significantly better knowledge scores compared to dental and nursing students (p <0.05). Common misconceptions included the belief that PCOS affects only overweight women (42%) and that it always leads to infertility (36%). Only 29% correctly identified insulin resistance as a contributing factor. Hospital staff had moderate awareness but limited knowledge of complications such as metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Although awareness of PCOS exists among health-related students and staff, significant misconceptions remain. Structured educational programs and reproductive health awareness campaigns are necessary to improve knowledge and promote early diagnosis.
Awareness of Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Among Hospital Staff and Medical Trainees: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders worldwide and is associated with multiple microvascular and macrovascular complications. Healthcare professionals and trainees are expected to have adequate awareness regarding these complications to ensure early detection and management. Objective: To assess the awareness of complications of Diabetes Mellitus among medical, dental and nursing students as well as hospital staff. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 300 participants including 100 MBBS medical students and interns, 50 BDS dental students, 50 nursing students, and 100 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). The study was conducted across two medical colleges, two dental colleges, three nursing colleges and one private hospital in India. A structured 15-item Likert scale questionnaire assessing awareness of diabetic complications was used. Responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: Overall awareness regarding common complications such as diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy was moderate to high among medical students (78%) but comparatively lower among hospital staff (56%). Knowledge regarding diabetic retinopathy was highest among MBBS students (82%) and lowest among technicians (48%). Awareness of macrovascular complications such as cardiovascular disease was moderate across all groups (65%). Significant differences were observed between participant groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although healthcare trainees showed better awareness compared to hospital staff, gaps remain regarding long-term complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Periodic educational programs and continuing medical education (CME) sessions are recommended to improve knowledge among healthcare workers.
“Prevalence and Awareness of Earphone/Headphone-Induced Hearing Problems Among Medical Students and Hospital Staff”
Background: Excessive use of personal audio devices such as earphones and headphones has increased significantly in recent years. Continuous exposure to loud sound levels may lead to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and other auditory symptoms. Objective: To assess the prevalence of earphone/headphone usage and evaluate awareness regarding hearing problems associated with their prolonged use among healthcare students and hospital staff. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 participants including 100 MBBS students and interns, 50 BDS dental students, 50 nursing students, and 100 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). A structured 15-item questionnaire assessed listening habits, duration of earphone use, awareness of hearing damage, and symptoms of hearing problems. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Around 84% of participants reported regular use of earphones/headphones. Nearly 48% used them for more than two hours per day, and 36% reported symptoms such as tinnitus, ear discomfort, or temporary hearing difficulty after prolonged listening. Approximately 70% of participants were aware that loud sound exposure can damage hearing, but only 41% followed safe listening practices. Conclusion: Earphone/headphone use is highly prevalent among healthcare students and hospital staff. Although awareness regarding hearing damage exists, safe listening habits remain insufficient. Educational programs are required to promote hearing conservation.
Perception Regarding Hormonal Therapy in Menopausal Women: A Questionnaire-Based Study among Medical and Allied Health Professionals in India
Background: Menopause is a natural biological transition in women characterized by cessation of menstruation and decline in ovarian hormone production. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is considered one of the most effective treatments for menopausal symptoms. However, perceptions regarding its safety, benefits, and risks vary among healthcare professionals and patients. Understanding these perceptions is important to improve counseling and patient care. Objective: To assess the perception and awareness regarding hormonal therapy in menopausal women among medical students, dental students, nursing students, hospital nurses, and female patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in two medical colleges, two dental colleges, and two nursing colleges in India. A total of 200 healthcare participants were included: 50 MBBS doctors and interns, 50 BDS dental students, 50 nursing students, and 50 hospital nurses. In addition, responses from menopausal female patients attending outpatient departments were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: Approximately 72% of MBBS doctors and interns were aware of hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms compared to 60% of dental students, 55% of nursing students, and 58% of hospital nurses. Around 65% of female patients had heard about menopause, but only 32% were aware of hormonal therapy. Concerns regarding side effects such as breast cancer and cardiovascular risk were reported by 48% of healthcare participants and 40% of patients. Most participants (70%) agreed that counseling regarding menopause and hormonal therapy should be improved. Conclusion: Awareness regarding hormonal therapy in menopause varies among healthcare professionals and is limited among patients. Educational programs and improved counseling strategies are necessary to enhance understanding and appropriate use of hormonal therapy.
Awareness of Early Signs of Head and Neck Cancers among Medical Students and Hospital Staff in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) constitute a major public health burden in India, accounting for nearly 26–30% of all cancers. Early detection significantly improves survival; however, awareness of early warning signs remains suboptimal. Objective: To assess awareness regarding early signs of head and neck cancers among medical students and hospital staff. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 250 participants including MBBS students/interns (n=100), BDS students (n=50), nursing students (n=50), and hospital staff (n=50). The study was conducted across 2 medical colleges, 2 dental colleges, 2 nursing colleges, and 3 hospitals in India. A structured 15-item Likert scale questionnaire was used. Results: Overall adequate awareness was found in 62% participants. MBBS students showed highest awareness (78%), while hospital staff had comparatively lower awareness (48%). Knowledge of key symptoms like non-healing ulcers (70%) and neck swelling (65%) was moderate, but awareness of voice change (52%) and numbness/bleeding (45%) was lower. Conclusion: Despite moderate awareness among healthcare trainees, significant gaps exist, especially among hospital staff. Targeted educational interventions are needed.
Lifestyle Factors Influencing Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – A Survey Among Medical Students and Allied Health Sciences Professionals
Background: Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, stress, and sleep play a crucial role in glycemic control among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Healthcare professionals and students are key stakeholders in educating patients, making their knowledge and attitude vital. Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitude regarding lifestyle factors influencing glycemic control among medical students and allied health sciences professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 250 participants, including 100 MBBS students and interns, 50 dental students, 50 nursing students, and 50 healthcare professionals. The study was carried out across 2 medical colleges, 2 dental colleges, 2 nursing colleges, and one private hospital in India. A structured 15-item questionnaire was used. Results: MBBS students demonstrated the highest mean knowledge score (78%), followed by nursing students (72%), healthcare professionals (70%), and dental students (65%). Most participants (85%) recognized diet and exercise as key factors, while only 58% identified stress and sleep as significant contributors. Positive attitudes toward lifestyle modification were observed in 82% of participants. Conclusion: While awareness of basic lifestyle factors is satisfactory, gaps remain in understanding holistic aspects like stress and sleep. Targeted educational interventions are recommended.
Role Perception of Medical Students and Health Professionals in Tobacco Cessation: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Background: Tobacco use remains a leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in tobacco cessation counseling; however, their perception of this role significantly influences clinical practice. Objective: To assess the role perception of medical students and healthcare professionals in tobacco cessation and identify gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 300 participants, including 100 MBBS students/interns, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 100 healthcare staff (nurses and technicians). The study was carried out across 2 medical colleges, 2 dental colleges, 2 nursing colleges, and 2 hospitals in India. A structured 15-item Likert scale questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative analysis. Results: MBBS students demonstrated the highest awareness (82%), followed by healthcare staff (75%), nursing students (70%), and dental students (68%). While 85% of participants agreed that tobacco cessation counseling is part of their professional responsibility, only 52% reported confidence in delivering it. Formal training was reported by just 38% of participants. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among groups in perceived preparedness. Conclusion: Although most participants recognize their role in tobacco cessation, there is a clear gap in training and confidence. Structured educational interventions are necessary to strengthen tobacco cessation practices among future and current healthcare providers.
Awareness of Nasal Allergy Triggers and Prevention Strategies Among Medical Students and Hospital Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis) are a common chronic condition affecting quality of life and productivity. Awareness of triggers and preventive strategies among healthcare trainees and staff is essential for effective patient education and self-care. Objective: To assess the awareness of nasal allergy triggers and preventive strategies among medical students and hospital staff. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 300 participants including 100 MBBS students/interns, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 100 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). The study was conducted across 2 medical colleges, 2 dental colleges, 2 nursing colleges, and one private hospital in India. A structured 15-item questionnaire assessed knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding nasal allergies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: MBBS students showed the highest awareness (82%), followed by nursing students (75%), dental students (70%), and hospital staff (65%). Dust (88%), pollen (80%), and smoke (76%) were the most commonly identified triggers. Preventive strategies such as mask usage (78%) and avoiding allergens (72%) were widely recognized. However, only 55% were aware of immunotherapy and long-term management options. Conclusion: While general awareness of nasal allergy triggers is adequate, gaps exist in knowledge regarding advanced prevention and treatment strategies. Educational interventions are recommended.
Knowledge of Stroke Warning Signs and Emergency Response among Medical Students and Hospital Staff: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study
Background: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Early recognition of warning signs and prompt emergency response significantly improve outcomes. Healthcare students and hospital staff play a critical role in early detection and management. Objective: To assess the knowledge of stroke warning signs and emergency response among medical, dental, nursing students, and hospital staff. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 300 participants, including 100 MBBS students/interns, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 100 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). The study was carried out across two medical colleges, two dental colleges, two nursing colleges, and one private hospital in India. A structured 15-item questionnaire assessed knowledge of stroke symptoms, risk factors, and emergency response. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative analysis. Results: MBBS students demonstrated the highest awareness (82%), followed by nursing students (75%), hospital staff (70%), and dental students (68%). Knowledge of the FAST (Face, Arm, Speech, Time) acronym was highest among MBBS students (85%) and lowest among hospital staff (60%). Only 65% of participants correctly identified the golden window period for thrombolysis. Significant gaps were observed in emergency response practices among non-medical staff. Conclusion: Although awareness is moderate to high among healthcare trainees, gaps persist in emergency response knowledge. Structured training programs are recommended.
Knowledge of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Protocols Among Medical Students and Hospital Staff: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study
Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Effective management relies on strict adherence to standardized protocols such as Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) guidelines, which emphasize early stabilization and prevention of secondary brain injury. Objective: To assess the knowledge and awareness of TBI management protocols among medical students and hospital staff. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 300 participants, including MBBS students/interns (100), BDS students (50), nursing students (50), and hospital staff (100). The study was carried out in 2 medical colleges, 2 dental colleges, 2 nursing colleges, and one private hospital in India. Results: MBBS students showed the highest knowledge levels, while hospital staff had moderate awareness. Significant gaps were observed in understanding ICP management, ventilation targets, and protocol-based emergency care. Conclusion: Although basic knowledge exists, there is a need for structured training programs to improve adherence to TBI protocols among healthcare trainees and staff.
Awareness Regarding Hormonal Treatment Options for Infertility Among Healthcare Students and Hospital Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Infertility affects a significant proportion of couples globally, with hormonal imbalance being a major contributing factor. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in patient education; therefore, their awareness regarding hormonal treatment options is essential. Objective: To assess the level of awareness regarding hormonal treatment options for infertility among healthcare students and hospital staff. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted across 2 medical colleges, 2 dental colleges, 2 nursing colleges, and a private hospital in India. A total of 300 participants were included: 100 MBBS medical students, 50 BDS dental students, 50 nursing students, and 100 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). A structured, validated questionnaire assessed knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward hormonal infertility treatments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Results: MBBS students demonstrated the highest awareness (mean score: 78%), followed by nursing students (70%), hospital staff (65%), and dental students (60%). Knowledge regarding ovulation induction drugs was relatively higher (72%), whereas awareness of advanced hormonal therapies (e.g., GnRH analogues) was lower (48%). A statistically significant difference in awareness levels was observed among groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Awareness regarding hormonal treatment options for infertility varies significantly among healthcare groups. Educational interventions are necessary to improve knowledge, particularly among dental students and hospital staff.
Probable Impact of Prolonged Mobile Phone and Ear Bud Use on Hearing Health Among Healthcare Students and Staff: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study
Background: The widespread use of mobile phones and personal audio devices (ear buds/headphones) has raised concerns about potential hearing impairment, particularly among young adults and healthcare professionals. Aim: To assess usage patterns of mobile phones and ear buds and evaluate their probable impact on hearing health among healthcare students and hospital staff. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 300 participants (100 MBBS students & interns, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 100 hospital staff) across 2 medical colleges, 2 dental colleges, 2 nursing colleges, and one tertiary care hospital in India. A structured 15-item questionnaire assessed device usage, listening habits, and hearing-related symptoms. Results: 84% participants reported regular ear bud/headphone use (consistent with similar studies) 62% used devices >2 hours/day 48% used high volume (>70%) 38% reported symptoms (tinnitus, ear fullness, reduced hearing clarity) Significant association observed between prolonged use (>2 hrs/day) and auditory symptoms (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Prolonged use of mobile phones and earbuds, especially at high volumes, is associated with increased risk of auditory symptoms suggestive of early noise-induced hearing changes. Awareness and preventive strategies are essential.
Psychological Correlates of Screen Addiction Among Medical Students and Hospital Staff: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study
Background: Excessive screen use has emerged as a growing behavioral concern, particularly among healthcare trainees and professionals exposed to digital learning and electronic medical systems. Screen addiction is associated with multiple psychological outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Objective: To assess the prevalence of screen addiction and its psychological correlates among medical students and hospital staff in India. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 300 participants, including 100 MBBS students and interns, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 100 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). Data were collected from two medical colleges, two dental colleges, two nursing colleges, and one tertiary care private hospital. A structured 15-item Likert scale questionnaire assessed screen usage patterns and psychological outcomes. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. Results: High screen addiction was observed in 46% of participants. Significant positive correlations were found between screen addiction and anxiety (r = 0.62), depression (r = 0.58), and sleep disturbance (r = 0.65) (p < 0.001). MBBS students demonstrated the highest addiction scores, while hospital staff showed comparatively lower but significant levels. Conclusion: Screen addiction is prevalent among healthcare learners and professionals and is significantly associated with adverse psychological outcomes. Early interventions and digital hygiene education are recommended.
Attitude Toward Institutional Delivery vs Home Delivery Among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study
Background: Institutional delivery is a key strategy for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite improvements in healthcare access, a proportion of women still prefer home delivery due to socio-cultural and economic factors. Objective: To assess the attitude toward institutional versus home delivery among pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 400 pregnant women across two medical colleges, two nursing colleges, and one private hospital in India. Data were collected by 50 MBBS students/interns, 50 nursing students, and 50 nurses using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. Results: Majority (72%) preferred institutional delivery, while 18% preferred home delivery and 10% were undecided. Positive attitudes toward institutional delivery were associated with higher education, prior antenatal care, and awareness of complications. Financial concerns, cultural beliefs, and family influence were major determinants of preference for home delivery. Conclusion: Although institutional delivery is widely accepted, gaps remain due to socio-cultural and accessibility factors. Targeted awareness and strengthening healthcare infrastructure are essential.
Awareness of Warning Signs During Pregnancy Among Medical Students and Hospital Staff: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study
Background: Early recognition of obstetric danger signs is critical to reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. Healthcare students and hospital staff play a pivotal role in identifying and educating patients about these warning signs. Objective: To assess awareness of warning signs during pregnancy among medical students and hospital staff in India. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 250 participants, including 100 MBBS students and interns, 50 BDS dental students, and 100 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). The study was carried out across two medical college hospitals, two dental colleges, two nursing colleges, and one private hospital. A structured 15-item Likert-scale questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Overall awareness was adequate in 68% of participants. MBBS students demonstrated the highest awareness (78%), followed by nurses (72%), while technicians (60%) and dental students (55%) showed comparatively lower awareness. Knowledge gaps were noted in recognizing symptoms such as blurred vision, reduced fetal movements, and severe abdominal pain. Conclusion: Although general awareness is satisfactory, targeted educational interventions are required, especially for dental students and non-clinical staff, to improve early detection of obstetric complications.